What happens when an adopted child does not fit into the fantasy frame of an adoptive family? Scholars and policy makers began posing this question in Canada in the late 1980s and early 1990s as adoptive placements of Indigenous children from the infamous “Sixties Scoop” era began to break down at rates that far exceeded any other demographic configurations. This phenomenon has largely been (mis)understood through reductive theories of cultural difference and race that reify historical conditions of colonization as bio-social conditions of Indigeneity itself. Continue reading → Continue reading →